Key Insights
The AI in Call Centers market is experiencing robust growth, fueled by the increasing demand for enhanced customer experience and operational efficiency. With a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25.80% from 2019 to 2024, the market demonstrates significant potential. The shift towards cloud-based deployments is a key driver, offering scalability, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. Businesses across various sectors, particularly BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), Retail & E-Commerce, and Telecom, are actively adopting AI-powered solutions to automate tasks, personalize interactions, and improve customer satisfaction. The integration of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) enables intelligent routing, self-service options, and proactive support, leading to reduced operational costs and improved agent productivity. While data privacy concerns and the initial investment costs associated with AI implementation pose some challenges, the long-term benefits of improved customer service and operational efficiency are driving widespread adoption.
The market segmentation reveals a strong preference for cloud-based solutions, reflecting the industry trend towards flexible and scalable infrastructure. North America currently holds a significant market share, driven by early adoption and technological advancements. However, Asia-Pacific is poised for significant growth, fueled by increasing digitalization and a burgeoning customer base. Key players like Nuance Communications, IBM, Amazon Web Services, and Google are actively shaping the market landscape through continuous innovation and strategic partnerships. The forecast period (2025-2033) suggests sustained growth, driven by further technological advancements, increasing adoption across emerging markets, and the expanding application of AI in various call center functions. The market is expected to see further consolidation as larger players acquire smaller companies, further intensifying competition and innovation.

AI in Call Centers Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the AI in Call Centers Market, offering invaluable insights for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers. Covering the period 2019-2033, with a focus on 2025, this report unveils the market's structure, dynamics, dominant segments, and future outlook. We delve into key players such as Nuance Communications Inc, Haptik Inc, Kore.ai Inc, IBM Corporation, Artificial Solutions International AB, Zendesk Inc, Microsoft Corporation, Avaya Inc, Amazon Web Services Inc, Oracle Corporation, Rulai Inc, Google Inc, and SAP SE, analyzing their strategies and market impact. The report projects a market valued at xx Million by 2025, with a robust CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033).
AI in Call Centers Market Market Structure & Innovation Trends
The AI in Call Centers Market exhibits a moderately consolidated structure, with several major players holding significant market share. Nuance Communications Inc and IBM Corporation are estimated to hold a combined market share of approximately xx% in 2025, reflecting their established presence and extensive product portfolios. However, the market is witnessing increasing competition from emerging players offering specialized AI solutions. Innovation is driven by advancements in natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and predictive analytics, enabling more sophisticated chatbot functionalities and personalized customer experiences. Regulatory frameworks, such as data privacy regulations (GDPR, CCPA), significantly influence market development and adoption. Product substitutes include traditional call center solutions, but AI-powered systems offer superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness, driving market growth. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity is noteworthy, with estimated deal values exceeding xx Million in the last 5 years, primarily focused on consolidating market share and acquiring innovative technologies.
- Market Concentration: Moderately consolidated, with key players holding significant shares.
- Innovation Drivers: Advancements in NLP, ML, and predictive analytics.
- Regulatory Frameworks: GDPR, CCPA, and other data privacy regulations.
- M&A Activity: Significant activity with total deal value exceeding xx Million in the past 5 years.

AI in Call Centers Market Market Dynamics & Trends
The AI in Call Centers Market is experiencing robust growth, driven by several factors. The increasing demand for improved customer experience, operational efficiency, and cost reduction is fueling the adoption of AI-powered solutions. Technological advancements, particularly in NLP and AI-powered chatbots, continue to enhance the capabilities and effectiveness of these systems. Consumer preferences for self-service options and 24/7 availability further boost market growth. However, the market also faces challenges, including integration complexities, security concerns, and the need for skilled personnel to manage and maintain AI systems. Competitive dynamics are intense, with established players and emerging startups vying for market share. The market penetration of AI-powered call center solutions is projected to reach xx% by 2025, increasing to xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions & Segments in AI in Call Centers Market
The North American region is currently the dominant market for AI in call centers, driven by high technology adoption rates, a large customer base, and strong investments in AI technologies. However, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period, fueled by increasing digitalization and economic expansion.
- By Deployment: The Cloud segment dominates, driven by its scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.
- By End-user Industry: The BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance) sector holds a substantial share due to its high customer interaction volume and the need for efficient customer service. The Retail & E-commerce sector is also a significant contributor to market growth.
- Key Drivers: High technology adoption rates (North America), increasing digitalization and economic expansion (Asia-Pacific), and regulatory frameworks supporting customer data protection.
AI in Call Centers Market Product Innovations
Recent product innovations focus on enhancing the capabilities of AI-powered chatbots, including improved natural language understanding, personalized interactions, and seamless integration with CRM systems. The development of advanced analytics tools allows businesses to gain valuable insights into customer behavior and optimize their call center operations. These innovations contribute to enhanced customer experience, improved agent efficiency, and reduced operational costs. The market is witnessing a shift towards AI solutions that can handle complex customer inquiries and provide personalized support.
Report Scope & Segmentation Analysis
This report segments the AI in Call Centers Market by deployment (Cloud, On-Premise) and end-user industry (BFSI, Retail & E-commerce, Telecom, Travel & Hospitality, Other End-user Industries). The cloud segment is expected to witness faster growth due to scalability and cost-effectiveness. The BFSI sector is a dominant end-user industry, with retail and e-commerce also experiencing robust growth. Each segment exhibits unique competitive dynamics and growth trajectories, influenced by industry-specific factors and technological advancements.
Key Drivers of AI in Call Centers Market Growth
The primary drivers of market growth include the escalating demand for enhanced customer experiences, the need for cost optimization in call center operations, and the continuous advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. The growing adoption of cloud-based solutions and the increasing penetration of smartphones and internet access also contribute significantly to the market's expansion. Furthermore, supportive government regulations and initiatives promoting digital transformation in various sectors are boosting market growth.
Challenges in the AI in Call Centers Market Sector
Major challenges include high initial investment costs, the need for skilled professionals to implement and maintain AI systems, and concerns regarding data security and privacy. Integration complexities with existing systems and the potential for biases in AI algorithms pose further hurdles. Overcoming these challenges requires strategic investments in infrastructure, skilled workforce development, and robust data security measures. The lack of standardization across different AI platforms can hinder seamless integration, causing delays and increased costs.
Emerging Opportunities in AI in Call Centers Market
Emerging opportunities lie in the integration of AI with other technologies, such as IoT and blockchain, to deliver more comprehensive and secure customer experiences. The expanding adoption of AI in emerging markets and the development of specialized AI solutions for niche industries offer significant growth potential. Personalization, predictive analytics, and proactive customer service are key areas presenting opportunities for innovation and market expansion.
Leading Players in the AI in Call Centers Market Market
- Nuance Communications Inc
- Haptik Inc
- Kore.ai Inc
- IBM Corporation
- Artificial Solutions International AB
- Zendesk Inc
- Microsoft Corporation
- Avaya Inc
- Amazon Web Services Inc
- Oracle Corporation
- Rulai Inc
- Google Inc
- SAP SE
Key Developments in AI in Call Centers Market Industry
- July 2022: Laivly launched its AI platform for contact centers, focusing on increased productivity, ROI, and improved customer experience through real-time intelligence and automation.
- March 2022: Google launched its Cloud Contact Center AI Platform, offering a comprehensive solution integrating AI, cloud scalability, multi-experience capabilities, and CRM integration.
Future Outlook for AI in Call Centers Market Market
The future of the AI in Call Centers Market looks promising, with continued growth driven by technological advancements, increasing demand for efficient and personalized customer service, and expanding adoption across various industries. Strategic partnerships, acquisitions, and investments in research and development will further shape market dynamics. The focus will remain on enhancing the capabilities of AI-powered solutions to address evolving customer needs and improve overall business efficiency.
AI in Call Centers Market Segmentation
-
1. Deployment
- 1.1. Cloud
- 1.2. On-Premise
-
2. End-user Industry
- 2.1. BFSI
- 2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 2.3. Telecom
- 2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 2.5. Other End-user Industries
-
3. Technology
-
3.1. Speech Recognition
- 3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
-
3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 3.7. Others
-
3.1. Speech Recognition
AI in Call Centers Market Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. Europe
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Rest of the World

AI in Call Centers Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 25.80% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Increasing Usage of AI by Organizations in Pursuit of Enhanced Customer Support Service Offerings; Increasing Role of Social Media for Customer Engagement; The Exponential Growth of Data
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Lack of Skilled Labor; Unsupervised Learning
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. BFSI Vertical is Expected to Hold the Largest Market Size During Forecast Period
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 5.1.1. Cloud
- 5.1.2. On-Premise
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.2.1. BFSI
- 5.2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 5.2.3. Telecom
- 5.2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 5.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 5.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 5.3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 5.3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
- 5.3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 5.3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 5.3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 5.3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 5.3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 5.3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 5.3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 5.3.7. Others
- 5.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. North America
- 5.4.2. Europe
- 5.4.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.4.4. Rest of the World
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 6. North America AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 6.1.1. Cloud
- 6.1.2. On-Premise
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 6.2.1. BFSI
- 6.2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 6.2.3. Telecom
- 6.2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 6.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 6.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 6.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 6.3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 6.3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
- 6.3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 6.3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 6.3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 6.3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 6.3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 6.3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 6.3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 6.3.7. Others
- 6.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 7. Europe AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 7.1.1. Cloud
- 7.1.2. On-Premise
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 7.2.1. BFSI
- 7.2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 7.2.3. Telecom
- 7.2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 7.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 7.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 7.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 7.3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 7.3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
- 7.3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 7.3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 7.3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 7.3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 7.3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 7.3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 7.3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 7.3.7. Others
- 7.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 8. Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 8.1.1. Cloud
- 8.1.2. On-Premise
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 8.2.1. BFSI
- 8.2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 8.2.3. Telecom
- 8.2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 8.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 8.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 8.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 8.3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 8.3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
- 8.3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 8.3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 8.3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 8.3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 8.3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 8.3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 8.3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 8.3.7. Others
- 8.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 9. Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 9.1.1. Cloud
- 9.1.2. On-Premise
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 9.2.1. BFSI
- 9.2.2. Retail & E-Commerce
- 9.2.3. Telecom
- 9.2.4. Travel & Hospitality
- 9.2.5. Other End-user Industries
- 9.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Technology
- 9.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 9.3.1.1. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- 9.3.1.2. Speech-to-Text (STT)
- 9.3.2. Chatbots & Virtual Assistants
- 9.3.2.1. Text-based Chatbots
- 9.3.2.2. Voice-based Chatbots
- 9.3.3. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
- 9.3.4. Predictive Analytics
- 9.3.5. Sentiment Analysis
- 9.3.6. Machine Learning Algorithm
- 9.3.7. Others
- 9.3.1. Speech Recognition
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment
- 10. North America AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 10.1.1 United States
- 10.1.2 Canada
- 10.1.3 Mexico
- 11. Europe AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 11.1.1 Germany
- 11.1.2 United Kingdom
- 11.1.3 France
- 11.1.4 Spain
- 11.1.5 Italy
- 11.1.6 Spain
- 11.1.7 Belgium
- 11.1.8 Netherland
- 11.1.9 Nordics
- 11.1.10 Rest of Europe
- 12. Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1 China
- 12.1.2 Japan
- 12.1.3 India
- 12.1.4 South Korea
- 12.1.5 Southeast Asia
- 12.1.6 Australia
- 12.1.7 Indonesia
- 12.1.8 Phillipes
- 12.1.9 Singapore
- 12.1.10 Thailandc
- 12.1.11 Rest of Asia Pacific
- 13. South America AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1 Brazil
- 13.1.2 Argentina
- 13.1.3 Peru
- 13.1.4 Chile
- 13.1.5 Colombia
- 13.1.6 Ecuador
- 13.1.7 Venezuela
- 13.1.8 Rest of South America
- 14. North America AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 14.1.1 United States
- 14.1.2 Canada
- 14.1.3 Mexico
- 15. MEA AI in Call Centers Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 15.1.1 United Arab Emirates
- 15.1.2 Saudi Arabia
- 15.1.3 South Africa
- 15.1.4 Rest of Middle East and Africa
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Nuance Communications Inc
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 Haptik Inc
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 Kore ai Inc
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 IBM Corporation
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 Artificial Solutions International AB
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Zendesk Inc
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 Microsoft Corporation
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 Avaya Inc
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Amazon Web Services Inc
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.10 Oracle Corporation
- 16.2.10.1. Overview
- 16.2.10.2. Products
- 16.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.11 Rulai Inc
- 16.2.11.1. Overview
- 16.2.11.2. Products
- 16.2.11.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.11.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.11.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.12 Google Inc
- 16.2.12.1. Overview
- 16.2.12.2. Products
- 16.2.12.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.12.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.12.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.13 SAP SE
- 16.2.13.1. Overview
- 16.2.13.2. Products
- 16.2.13.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.13.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.13.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Nuance Communications Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume Breakdown (K Unit, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: South America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: South America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: South America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: South America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: MEA AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: MEA AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: MEA AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: MEA AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 32: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 33: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 34: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 35: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 36: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 37: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 38: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 39: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 40: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 41: North America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 42: North America AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 43: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 44: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 45: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 46: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 47: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 48: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 49: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 50: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 51: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 52: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 53: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 54: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 55: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 56: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 57: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 58: Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 59: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 60: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 61: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 62: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 63: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 64: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 65: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 66: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 67: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 68: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 69: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 70: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 71: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 72: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 73: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 74: Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 75: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 76: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 77: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 78: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Deployment 2024 & 2032
- Figure 79: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 80: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 81: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 82: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by End-user Industry 2024 & 2032
- Figure 83: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 84: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 85: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 86: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Technology 2024 & 2032
- Figure 87: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 88: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 89: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 90: Rest of the World AI in Call Centers Market Volume Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: United States AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: United States AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Canada AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Canada AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Mexico AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Mexico AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Germany AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Germany AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: United Kingdom AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: United Kingdom AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: France AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: France AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Spain AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Spain AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Italy AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Italy AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Spain AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Spain AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Belgium AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Belgium AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Netherland AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Netherland AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Nordics AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Nordics AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Rest of Europe AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Rest of Europe AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: China AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: China AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Japan AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Japan AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: India AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: India AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: South Korea AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: South Korea AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Southeast Asia AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Southeast Asia AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Australia AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Australia AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 55: Indonesia AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 56: Indonesia AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 57: Phillipes AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 58: Phillipes AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 59: Singapore AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 60: Singapore AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 61: Thailandc AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 62: Thailandc AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 63: Rest of Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 64: Rest of Asia Pacific AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 65: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 66: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 67: Brazil AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 68: Brazil AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 69: Argentina AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 70: Argentina AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 71: Peru AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 72: Peru AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 73: Chile AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 74: Chile AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 75: Colombia AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 76: Colombia AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 77: Ecuador AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 78: Ecuador AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 79: Venezuela AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 80: Venezuela AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 81: Rest of South America AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 82: Rest of South America AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 83: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 84: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 85: United States AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 86: United States AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 87: Canada AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 88: Canada AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 89: Mexico AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 90: Mexico AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 91: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 92: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 93: United Arab Emirates AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 94: United Arab Emirates AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 95: Saudi Arabia AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 96: Saudi Arabia AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 97: South Africa AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 98: South Africa AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 99: Rest of Middle East and Africa AI in Call Centers Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 100: Rest of Middle East and Africa AI in Call Centers Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 101: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 102: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 103: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 104: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 105: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 106: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 107: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 108: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 109: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 110: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 111: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 112: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 113: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 114: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 115: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 116: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 117: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 118: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 119: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 120: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 121: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 122: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 123: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 124: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 125: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 126: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment 2019 & 2032
- Table 127: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 128: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 129: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 130: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Technology 2019 & 2032
- Table 131: Global AI in Call Centers Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 132: Global AI in Call Centers Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the AI in Call Centers Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 25.80%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the AI in Call Centers Market?
Key companies in the market include Nuance Communications Inc, Haptik Inc, Kore ai Inc, IBM Corporation, Artificial Solutions International AB, Zendesk Inc , Microsoft Corporation, Avaya Inc, Amazon Web Services Inc, Oracle Corporation, Rulai Inc, Google Inc, SAP SE.
3. What are the main segments of the AI in Call Centers Market?
The market segments include Deployment, End-user Industry, Technology.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Increasing Usage of AI by Organizations in Pursuit of Enhanced Customer Support Service Offerings; Increasing Role of Social Media for Customer Engagement; The Exponential Growth of Data.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
BFSI Vertical is Expected to Hold the Largest Market Size During Forecast Period.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Lack of Skilled Labor; Unsupervised Learning.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
July 2022: The AI platform was launched by Laivly, a pioneer in AI and automation for contact centers. Laivly transforms real-time intelligence into real-time action that generates higher contact center productivity, boosts ROI, and provides a better customer experience. It is designed to swiftly and easily upgrade call centers at scale. On each agent's desktop, Laivly adds automation to help them complete jobs quickly, and the built-in AI shows the team the workflows of the most productive agents. The end result is a contact center that is quicker, wiser, more accurate, and more effective, allowing human agents to spend more time providing excellent customer experiences and less time battling technology.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Unit.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "AI in Call Centers Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the AI in Call Centers Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the AI in Call Centers Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the AI in Call Centers Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence